China, Hong Kong Disneyland project construction cost management

 Note: This information is extracted from the China, Hong Kong Disneyland project construction bid management
China, Hong Kong Disneyland project cost management
construction cost of the project is to assess the quality of implementation of the project the best and final comprehensive index, reflecting the integrated management of the project and the work level of the pros and cons. the cost of management is the core of the entire project management, project management cost target is at the center of target system. efforts to achieve cost targets, can be regarded as the core of project management, reflecting the project manager management responsibility, through cost management, to create profits and achieve business purposes, for the sustainable development of enterprises to provide financial guarantees.
Disneyland a civil and infrastructure projects, not only the largest and earliest start, and the price is low, the contract amount to 2.086 billion Hong Kong dollars, lower than the second standard of about 4 billion (nearly 20% lower), in all aspects of project management, especially in project cost management, with considerable difficulty, and the most challenging. the face of severe cost pressures, the site project manager on behalf of all members of the Department, strengthen confidence, and establish clear management objectives, actions and strict solid management practices, as several other Disney projects and project the smooth progress of the project management objectives the realization of a solid groundwork and made outstanding contributions in the cost management achieved good results.
cost targets cost management includes the determination of the cost of plan preparation, plan implementation process and the final cost accounting cost control and so on. Chinese construction project at Disneyland cost management process, using the achieve good economic returns. PDCA process management according to operation mode, Disneyland project cost management mode of operation shown in Figure 1. 【Note: In recent years, this master had an admissions interview questions: Please give the professional PDCA acronym meaning . there are many students do not know. PDCA first appeared in Total Quality Management (TQM), known as preparation (PLAN)
cost of the scheme is an important basis for cost control and guidance, including the cost of formulation of goals, such as the cost of plan preparation.
1.
cost management objectives the Ministry of local disk initially calculated by the tender A total of over 2.4 billion bid dollar amount, the reduction of strategic models, the final bid to 2.086 billion Hong Kong dollars, particularly in sub-flower book loss of heavy mud, the initial forecast will be more than 100 million loss, another start-up losses of more than 200 million initial forecast . So when they start work with source of income. a type of complex engineering projects, a huge number. Experience shows that this large-scale projects in the implementation process will be a lot of changes and change, while the lengthy tender documents may be a large number of negligence and omissions. project to seize every opportunity early in order to fight for the additional works to increase revenue; the other hand, the deployment and planning professionals, sophisticated business management system and method of the contract, the contract management process from a strongly identify potential profit margins; the middle of goal hope to break even, with a small profit; ultimate goal is to break even, a slight profit.
2. the cost of program development based on
(1) master schedule. particularly in the work of the master schedule content list and beginning and ending time of each job is the preparation of the basis of income and expenditure information on the cumulative curve.
(2) the contract description of the contents on the work.
(3) the contract price on the contents of each job or total.
(4) the work needed resources.
(5) the material, labor, equipment, energy and other resources of the unit price and the market supply and demand status.
(6) company policies and management fees, taxes and the relevant provisions.
(7) has completed similar projects in the historical data.
(8) the characteristics of the project itself.
(9) the experience of the professionals.
(10) risks associated with the cost.
(11) Project stakeholders (especially the owners) of the practices and on the quality, safety and environmental protection requirements.
(12) contract money payment methods requirements. as it relates to the cash flow status and project financing costs, general engineering project with little consideration, but it will affect the cost of program development and implementation.
3. cost of the scheme the main content
(1) tender information. including the relevant pre-bid price, engineering aspects of the original data, and quote the relevant letters, contracts have been found loopholes in order to make the tender cost prediction.
(2) derived from the master schedule resource plan. According to the master schedule of projects in the content, duration and in which season, environment, and sources of resources can be mobilized to determine the allocation of resources for each task, the formation of resource planning. in the resource shortage occurred with the progress of the plan conflict may need to adjust the master schedule and resource plan to determine the initial impact on the cost plan.
(3) by the resource plan, defined such spending plans derived.
(4) by the master schedule and quantities derived from the revenue plan.
(5) the contents of each of the Income and specific work schedule and the corresponding cost analysis. in contrast to when revenues and expenditures of each job, work for income over expenditure to give special attention to the project and, in particular the workload of the larger projects, should take appropriate measures to reduce losses, reduced losses and plans to work out.
(6) the overall balance of payments projections. income and expenditure accrued can be visually observed changes in balance of payments out over time, is the fundamental basis for project financing plan, but also monitor the progress of the benchmark.
(7) cost management system. including sourcing programs, cost and duration of the claims program For filing requirements. will institutionalize cost management, easy to plug the loopholes, reducing human factors to improve the accuracy of cost planning.
(8) measures to cut expenditure. According to cost analysis, targeted to adopt new technology, change plans , replace the materials, reduce losses, Network access, low procurement and other measures to achieve the purpose of income and reduce expenditure.
(9) risk analysis. to develop cost plans, cost risk to make a variety of qualitative and quantitative assessment of and give full attention to develop the appropriate risk management plan.
Second, the implementation of cost management plan (DO)
cost management of all operation and management of modern enterprises and the key focus of activities. many enterprises from the office (headquarters ) centralized management methods and models. the modern construction industry due to its characteristics of enterprises, the cost of centralized management and control is particularly important. enterprises is the main source of profit for projects focused on cost management control. to increase revenue, system management is the fundamental ; improve cost, process control is the key. control management and construction technology, management fees to a minimum; control engineering models of income and develop new revenue sources (eliminate waste (
establish and improve project implementation in the process, the project department of the company management system basically followed the promulgation of the relevant management systems and methods, but should do the following:
(1) the project management team, most of Temporary by a combination of new, pre-construction project in the engineering department and start early, should the company the cost management system, organizations of all managers to learn, so that they work in practice to master and implement.
(2 ) should be based on the engineering characteristics and management style of the project department, the drafting and introduction of some new approach, stipulates that the company's management system to complement and complete.
3.
mm duties of key personnel manager of the site ( Site Manager)
site manager is the highest executive leadership of the project is the first implementation of the project cost management and responsible.
mm Project Manager (Project Manager)
cost management plan in the implementation process to representatives of the construction project manager for the production line is responsible for assisting the site manager, project cost management to do the following:
(1) strengthen the management and control of progress of the project to avoid cost increases due to overdue fines.
( 2) to enhance the quality of project management and control, product quality and to ensure ) to strengthen production safety and environmental protection, management and control of a security environment to avoid accidents and incidents Prosecutions, and subjected to suspension, fines, community publicity caused by the tangible or intangible costs.
(4 ) to strengthen the whole process of construction production management and control, to avoid improper construction methods, construction disorganized, poor construction sequence and construction of road duplication occurs work stoppage, slowdown, stop working, resulting in a variety of additional cost increases and cost increases .
mm Contracts / Business Manager
implementation of the plan in the cost management process, contract / business manager represented by the contract management business line is responsible for assisting the site manager, project cost management to do the following:
(2) to strengthen claims management. claim is the contractor and the contract means to use legal means to protect their own rights as a normal way some can not only increase revenues, improve cost position, or contractors to maintain their own image, for the contract position, change the plight of the external causes of non-rational one of the ways.
(3) strengthen the management of subcontractors. sub-contractors In carrying out sub-contract, the job content, scope of work must be completely by the provisions of sub-contract quality and quantity completed on time, not to leave the legacy of unfinished projects and general contractor. Subcontractor shall pay the amount of work to pay time and a fine charged according to sub-contract certain matters such as the contents of the provisions and terms of full implementation. sub-contractors other than the increase in the contract to do engineering contents: ① strictly control the range; ② in strict accordance with public bidding, three joint trials the principles of the three bid process and decision making; ③ For the additional cost of the project upon strict compliance with the first income payment, revenue is higher than pay for the principle of reciprocity. In do a thorough investigation to understand, based on the overall performance of each subcontractor a three-month assessment, with the approval of the project the views of the Department and related departments and obtain consent forms provided by the contents of the contract completed, the competent authorities and after approval signature file, and as the company's future selection and use of subcontractors an important basis.
(4) to strengthen the material and equipment contract management. project in conjunction with company materials procurement department, procurement of materials and equipment for all kinds of brands, quality requirements, supply time, the contents of contracts and other joint management and control .
mm
cost accounting cost of the project during the implementation of management plans, project cost accounting as the representative of the financial and fund management business line is responsible for assisting the site manager, project cost management to do the following:
(1) the specific circumstances of the project, according to company policy, the establishment of project cost ledger.
(2) Pursuant to the relevant rules and regulations, combined with characteristics of the project, the cost of the preparation of a project management approach to implementation details, and supervise the implementation of .
(3) petty cash management approach to project development and implementation.
(4) supervision and inspection of the project department of the company related to the implementation of the financial system.
(5) the cost of the project management team's leadership , to collect data once every three months the project cost forecasts, and report to the accounting department of the site manager and read the display and archive.
mm Administration Manager / General
implementation of the plan in the cost management process, to the Chief Manager / General as the representative of the administrative, logistical management line of business is responsible for assisting the site manager, project cost management to do the following:
(1) control site office costs.
(2) control site car expenses (including car costs, petrol, maintenance, protection money, tunnel fees).
(3) control of the site since the purchase of small tools equipment costs.
(4) control of the site sporadically since the purchase of consumable items, the control site of communication and entertainment expenses.
(5) city traffic control staff travel and meal allowance for fees mistake.
4. Ministry of cost control measures in mm level
cost control project is to take all necessary measures to reduce expenditure and increase revenue. These include: strengthening management, improving the construction process, optimal design, technological innovation, search for alternative products, improve operational efficiency.
plan based on cost and cost targets set by the content, the project department of the project cost regular analysis of the practice: the general process of project implementation, measurement and review once a quarter. To be sure, a number of quarterly estimates vary, in most cases is increased costs, reduced profits. Regular cost estimate and purpose of the analysis is expected to achieve effective cost control. Contents include:
(1) to predict the risks occurring before the date of effective evaluation. the so-called effective risk assessment is to classify specific projects happen, detailed risk quantified to calculate the impact of change is positive or negative trend.
(2) detailed analysis of the causes of these risks, control measures have been implemented effectively, how to resolve and improve.
(3) of lower costs and increase revenue measures and the implementation details.
(4) by the project details, responsibilities to the people. in a careful analysis, based on the implementation of measures to cut expenditure.
5. Cost control measures mm to plan management Comprehensive cost control on behalf of itself, is characterized by
changes in civil engineering major, unforeseen factors and more detailed planning work to be done carefully. large overall project schedule, construction programs, technical programs, how to build small office, One thing has any idea of planning in which, with the cost of everything.
a lot of sub-66 receiver sites at different times, was divided into 44 lots at different times and returned to the owners, but also set aside sufficient time for the construction of public utility companies, scheduling arrangements are complex, it is necessary to ensure that each sub-project are completed on time, but also to do with the minimum cost to achieve contract requirements.
(1) Construction Order scientific organization can save costs. For example: water box culvert in the separation of the laying of sewers in the process, the excavation of earth and laying sewage pipes were two sub-processes to the construction of two sub-contractors, so the price of earth-rock excavation than Drainage subcontractors, a construction services cheaper, cost savings of nearly 300 million.
(2) contract requires 15 temporary road to be done, according to bidding strategies, bidding the price of the item will be reduced to zero. project department in the planning for less time trying to do, and making the temporary road is not part of the road for a permanent end of the road with a temporary road, so that cost savings for the project, nearly 400 million.
(3) quality assurance at the premise and the use of functional , the project department strive to change the design drawings (alternative) approach to reduce the cost of interests. drains original design with two parallel reinforced concrete retaining wall block to form a U-shaped drains and drainage, the level of the end of the retaining wall elevation of-2.0m, 200mm thick and the bottom stone to be filled, cost very expensive. Project Department offered to amend the proposal to change the original design of retaining walls to 2550mm and 3450mm diameter precast reinforced concrete cylinder replaced, not only to facilitate the construction ensure that the projects can be completed on the project to bring 11 million more potential benefits of the Hong Kong dollar.
6. mm cost control measures implemented measures to cut expenditure in the process of
(1) resource procurement management of human resources procurement
management. mainly refers to the contractor project management and miscellaneous services department staff. the project department, before starting to develop a detailed human resources plan for the personnel department as soon as possible to do consulting, recruitment, promotion, termination of the preparatory work, to avoid the rush into battle, the occurrence of unnecessary costs. various management personnel when needed for employment, do not post immediately upon transfer.
procurement management of labor resources. Hong Kong in the project implementation process commonly used by the district contracted projects, processes, types of work subcontracted to local or overseas subcontractors. have enough power in the management of cases, more detailed sub-project, sub-lower prices, but the management fee will increase. contractors need to invest in the management of resources, both degree and sub-subdivision between the lowest cost to make a balance. subcontracting process is generally an open tender, at least to find three qualified (in the company's roster of sub-contractors) and subcontractors bidding to select those who bid the lowest. In sub- contract should be clearly divided the work between the different types of interfaces, to avoid the gray areas, reducing management complexity and extra-budgetary expenditures. large sub-contract, presided over by the company, the project assisted the Ministry, public comments, low bid, in enhancing bargaining power, but also takes into account the actual situation of the project; small contracts auspices of the Ministry by the project, the company supervision, increase the flexibility and efficiency of subcontracting to avoid missing the big picture.
materials (including equipment) procurement management. first by the Ministry under the project drawings, bills of quantities, technical notes, material procurement plans proposed, indicate the name, quantity, the relevant technical requirements, planning the arrival time and bulk materials by the company public bidding, centralized procurement, the use of goods than three principles, public comments, the lowest bid, only to meet the requirements of contracts and property owners, but also reduce procurement costs; a small amount of material or items used by the Department of consumables directly from suppliers approved by the company stock at a specified price. In the course of project implementation efforts to reduce and eliminate non-normal wear and tear of materials, control and reduce normal wear and tear of materials is also very important link.
production equipment procurement management. first by costing, more equipment procurement is a lease or purchase. equipment leasing programs similar program with the purchase of labor. equipment purchased with the purchase of materials management program basically the same program.
the process of subcontracting in the works, and sometimes need to sub-contractors not only to provide labor, but also to provide some or all of the equipment or materials, the procurement method can refer to the program.
(2) materials (including equipment) on-site management
materials to the site, it first checks whether the type and number of incoming shopping list or plan with the same; confirm correct , according to the manufacturer or supplier recommended by the stored materials to prevent material deterioration or damage, at the same time do a good job of security measures to prevent the loss amount.
use subcontractors, to sign collar. managers to supervise the sub- rational use of materials business workers, to avoid unnecessary waste. Some contractor sub-contracts rated material clearly marked loss of more than nominal, the costs incurred up to the subcontractor. follow-up material plan, to avoid material late lead to delays.
(3) management of production equipment, whether purchased or leased
equipment must meet the engineering needs and to do maintenance work, proper use, to prolong life and reduce maintenance costs. < br> For the leased equipment in a planned way, and raise the utilization rate. in the leasing of equipment, it may require the lessor to provide the operator, and is responsible for equipment maintenance to reduce equipment failure rates. improve equipment efficiency, eliminate and avoid the time Time of the production equipment is also the focus of management.
(4) through the technical management technology management
to improve work efficiency, improve quality, reduce material consumption and other purposes, from the lower costs. to the same quality (to meet the contract technical requirements) and the specified low-cost materials to replace expensive materials, sharing the post with the owners; provide a more economical alternative to reduce the direct input.
site engineers have planned, predictable, when necessary, to prevent a small amount costs to avoid the risk of large costs. comparative drawings, technical specifications and description of the difference between engineering, from which to identify potential engineering changes, to avoid loss.
(5) Quality Management
explicit acceptance of quality standards to ensure each process important work, project cost management is an important part.
(7) Safety and Environmental Management
Safety and Environmental Management, to provide a comfortable and safe working environment, improve efficiency and enhance the quality awareness of employees. Practice has proved that any security well site management, quality is generally good. quality, natural cost savings. safety and environmental management performance is good, less government control, can reduce the additional costs, the cost of project insurance can be reduced through negotiations. In addition, environmental protection the work of great importance to saving resources, can reduce project costs and management costs.
need of special note is that the management of safety and environmental protection well contractor, prequalification project in the future when the competitive advantage. such as the overall performance by the contractor technical standard, comprehensive evaluation of the methods of economic standard, including safety, environmental performance occupy a certain proportion.
(8) management costs savings in construction cost management costs
in a considerable proportion of different definitions of company management fees not identical, to manage the most basic salaries, utilities, office rent, transportation, communication, insurance, office supplies, medical expenses and so on. In Hong Kong, the salaries of management staff benefit costs accounted for the cost of the entire management high proportion, about 70%.
good human resource planning, timely adjustments according to progress of the project management staff, and fully mobilize the enthusiasm of staff, improve efficiency and quality of work, so that enhanced productivity, which is to reduce management costs important measures. In the reduce resource consumption, etc..
the whole process in the implementation of this project, the project department in the control of management fees, to excellence in the following areas:
① control management fee and start-up costs of spending, saving overhead. In Most of the tender will be on the start-up costs in the reduction of strategic operations, causing huge losses to start-up costs, this part of the loss depends on subcontracting, VO (additional works) and claims to make up. So as much as possible done in the management structure lean and efficient. architectures set to start when the project is based on the effective amount of 1.8 billion Hong Kong dollar contract, for completion of settlement construction in the total revenue of about 2.8 billion Hong Kong dollars, but also to fight for more contracts works to increase revenue, but not increase the management staff. completed by the accounting department estimated that the cost of the project no more than three projects total revenue of 4.5% for Hong Kong companies and foreign companies with the type three cost levels (8% -10%) 56% - 45%.
② strict control of water and electricity expenses. utilities to balance the month, regular use of water in some places, the installation limit limited faucet to avoid the long-running water; install electric light bulb sensing device, came from the light , people to self-destruction, to avoid the long light; installation cycle purification devices, so a lot of construction of water can be recycled; in qualified areas and lots, will be rain, landscape construction of water collected to do so; This effectively reduces the cost of utilities .
③ consumption costs savings vehicles. The project area is very large, the size of the project has more than 20 vehicles, maintenance costs are high. site maintenance team their own organization, maintenance, vehicle maintenance; also use a fixed car, person to person, quantitative gasoline system, control the increase in gasoline consumption, saving significant costs.
(9) for budget control measures
① strict implementation of the company's subcontracting system, increase efforts to control for budget expenditures. Most of the work is subcontracted the project management company focused on operations, a few scattered subcontracted work to handle the management of operations by the project. Project Department of strict implementation of the system according to the company, several million project is also looking for three sub-subcontractors parity in order that the lowest cost. In sub-contract the implementation process, pay close attention to the trend of cost. For example, a sub-subcontractor contract unit price of an item in the contract price than we are much higher, because the original contract The small quantities, does not cause the attention of staff; and the actual number of large, resulting in the company's losses will increase. project department to discover the problem, re-subcontracted work; re-sub after the project sub-unit price close to the cost, reducing the cost of nearly 500 million expenditure to protect the interests of the company.
② after the completion of each of the sub-accounts, set up a final site review team. The panel members, project managers, Deputy Project Manager, Senior Business Manager, Assistant Contract Manager component. Every once in charge QS is responsible for settlement of the Presentation (presentation), each item to make it clear RE (consulting engineers) the number of the last batch number, the number of sub-contractors figure out how much , QS calculated what quantity, to ensure the company's interests in number. As in the sub-contract price is set to die, so the number of control is particularly important. For each VO unit project should be reported clearly to ensure that the interests of the company .
③ all the additional works on the sub-contractors, the VO treatment, the use of special committees of the way, the collective of decision. competent to do QS RE Presentation to talk clearly how much grant, how much and sub-project department Handelsblatt own calculations how many, internal transparency and the spread and the difference between the amount of profit both companies have improved the status of the project cost.
④ materials management, grasp two key aspects of the project department, strict control of material loss of one rate, the second is time deducted from the subcontractor purchasing materials, money, a lot of deduction, missed deduction.
⑤ mud continue to review the production of wear and tear take to improve the production process, reduce the attrition rate as much as possible, with the Ministry of reduced material material supply price.
(10) manager concentrating on, someone to follow up, system assurance, cost management is
full attention to the core of project management, site managers must be concentrating on; by the experience, knowledge and adequate, quality good hand help; establish a cost management system, in particular, reward and punishment system, the responsibilities to each position, mobilization, supervision, and encourage all employees to offer their ideas actively concerned about the cost of the project. cost management system should also include site management at all levels responsibility and permission settings, data collection and arrangement of the original requirements, programs and other related work.
7.
cost accounting cost accounting cost of the project management process is a very important regular work. Cost accounting is the cost of the project management of the Ministry of the actual results to display. after all costs, costing time and the cost of the company or project plans and targets, and other information to compare similar projects, is costing the major content.
good cost accounting, it is clear how much happened and timely monitoring. By comparison, find the reasons for cost overruns, mismanagement and timely corrections; promote saving measures, and strive for more efficiency. costing the accumulation of historical data You can also reference for corporate and other projects.
content and costing of this project is:
(1) by construction projects have taken place in the , bottom-up costing the network, unified accounting diameter, uniform accounting methods, uniform cost subject, uniform cost report. Company department designated person responsible for the cost analysis, project costs of the Department of Registration of the designated persons ledger. Cost Ledger is the only basis for accounting documents prepared by the Ministry of Finance a copy, in addition to any other information as may not be the basis of accounting.
(3) the first month the company department within 5 working days a month on the project site to provide paid-of-pocket costs schedule, subcontractors and sub-contractors for projects bond schedule, the project staff in check and correct reimbursement based on the preparation of project cost report, within 7 days after the end of each submitted to the competent department of the company.
(4) charge the cost of accounting departments and relevant personnel in the completion stage cost accounting, it should be with the project leaders and key management personnel of the Ministry, the project director and the parent unit is responsible for meeting with relevant personnel, the results will be publicized cost accounting in the consensus , the project department should be recognized.
(5) expenditures for the two different types of analysis, that is, expenditure and cost of the scheme to determine the allowable difference between the value analysis, the difference between expenditure and income analysis.
(6) through a variety of detailed data display showing the cost of the project implementation process management problems, propose effective measures to improve the action and improvement, project management process in earnest to implement.
(7) project the end of the project cost should be sorting books to pay the company filed with the competent department of the.
Third, the cost of management of the inspection and evaluation (CHECK)
in the project implementation process, cost management is an inspection and assessment regular work in order to ensure the implementation of the project cost plan process, not detract from the cost targets, the system does not deviate from the company, not contrary to government policy and regulations, to identify problems, analyze the cause of the problem, suggest improvements.
1.
the organization of an inspection of the project cost management in the process of an inspection, usually within the contractor.
(1) independent contractor for the project department. cost management, with schedule management, quality management, safety management, environmental management, is an important part of project management. regular or irregular inspection and evaluation, project implementation process is a regular management behavior. This check is to ensure that the project overall management objectives to achieve The main source of profit for construction companies, project cost management is the core of enterprise management, so the cost of the project based management of the implementation process for periodic inspection and evaluation, is a very important management behaviors. based on the examination of project cost management principles once in three months. implementation of the inspection organization shown in Figure 4.
2. Check the assessment is based
(1) the cost of the project company to develop management plans and objectives.
(2) company related to the management system.
(3) the relevant government laws and regulations.
(4) project has been incurred for the original documents.
(5) the cost of recent forecasts.
( 6) other.
3. Check the assessment of the contents of the
(1) the company's implementation of the management system. management system is perfect and the sound, whether ultra vires enforcement, violations.
(2) Project money income and expenditure analysis and comparison.
(3) recurrent expenditure control measures, the costs of the application, review, approval and other procedures are completed ...